《九九影院香蜜沉沉烬如霜》After the tremendous popular success of the Fantômas novels, both of the major French film studios — Pathé and Gaumont — vied for the rights to produce films based on the series. Gaumont won, and from April 1913 to May 1914 Louis Feuillade directed five Fantômas films which critic David Thomson has described as "the first great movie experience."